Reference:
World Health Organization. (2024). Mpox. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mpox
Summary:
Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a viral infection caused by the monkeypox virus, belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus. The disease presents with symptoms such as fever, rash, headache, muscle pain, and swollen lymph nodes, lasting typically 2–4 weeks. Transmission occurs via close contact with infected individuals, contaminated materials, or animals. Notably, during pregnancy, the virus can be transmitted to the fetus. Vaccination is recommended for high-risk groups, particularly during outbreaks. The virus has two distinct clades, with a global outbreak of clade IIb beginning in 2022, while clades Ia and Ib are causing concern in parts of Africa. Effective treatment focuses on supportive care, managing symptoms, and preventing complications. Diagnosis relies on laboratory tests, primarily PCR, to differentiate mpox from other illnesses. The WHO has declared mpox a public health emergency, emphasising the need for research and equitable access to vaccines and treatments. Stigma associated with the disease has hindered public health responses, particularly among affected communities. Continued vigilance and preventive measures are essential to curb the spread of mpox.