Reference:
Du Preez, H. N., Lin, J., Maguire, G. E. M., Aldous, C., & Kruger, H. G. (2023). COVID-19 vaccine adverse events: Evaluating the pathophysiology from an undersulfated and
degraded glycocalyx perspective. ESSOAR. https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.169203072.26336613/v1
Summary:
This literature review investigates the severe adverse events associated with DNA and mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, despite their efficacy. It emphasises the role of an undersulfated and degraded glycocalyx, which affects immunomodulation, inflammatory responses, coagulation, and oxidative stress. The study examines how glutathione and inorganic sulfate depletion influences glycocalyx sulfation and other metabolites. Vaccine components, including DNA, mRNA, spike protein antigen, and lipid nanoparticles, may lead to cytotoxic effects. The degradation of the glycocalyx can result from depleted sulfates, shear stress from nanoparticles, and protein aggregation, contributing to imbalanced immune responses and chronic inflammation. Understanding these mechanisms could improve treatment options for those experiencing adverse events post-vaccination.