Reference:
du Preez, H. N., Lin, J., Maguire, G. E. M., Aldous, C., & Kruger, H. G. (2024). COVID-19 vaccine adverse events: Evaluating the pathophysiology with an emphasis on sulfur metabolism and endotheliopathy. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 00, e14296. https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.14296
Summary:
This narrative review examines the pathophysiology of severe adverse events (AEs) associated with COVID-19 DNA and mRNA vaccinations, focusing on the degradation of the gly-cocalyx and its implications for immunological responses, inflammation, and oxidative stress. It highlights the relationship between an undersulfated gly-cocalyx, depletion of glutathione and inorganic sulfate, and the adverse effects observed in vaccinated individuals. The study discusses how components of the vaccines, including lipid nanoparticles and spike protein antigens, may contribute to endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory responses, leading to various systemic complications. The authors argue that understanding these mechanisms may provide insights into mitigating AEs and improving vaccine safety.